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Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the Nilgiris of Tamil Nadu, is one of South India’s oldest protected areas, established in 1940. It covers an area of about 321 km² and forms part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, connecting with Bandipur and Wayanad wildlife areas, making it an important wildlife corridor. The sanctuary has diverse forests including tropical moist deciduous, dry deciduous, and thorn forests. It is home to elephants, tigers, leopards, gaurs, and over 260 bird species. A major part of it is now designated as the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, ensuring the conservation of its rich biodiversity.
Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the Anaimalai Hills of Tamil Nadu, is one of the state’s largest and most diverse protected areas. It was originally declared as Anaimalai Wildlife Sanctuary in 1976 and later renamed as Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary & National Park. The sanctuary covers an area of about 958 km² and includes tropical evergreen forests, deciduous forests, grasslands, and sholas. It is home to elephants, tigers, leopards, gaurs, lion-tailed macaques, Nilgiri langurs, and many rare bird species. A major portion of the area was declared as the Anaimalai Tiger Reserve in 2007. The sanctuary is rich in biodiversity and forms part of the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Mundanthurai Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu, forms part of the KalakadMundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR), one of India’s prominent protected areas. It was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1962 and later combined with Kalakad Sanctuary to form the tiger reserve in 1988. The sanctuary covers an area of about 567 km² and includes tropical evergreen forests, moist deciduous forests, and grasslands of the Southern Western Ghats. It is home to tigers, leopards, elephants, gaurs, sambar deer, lion-tailed macaques, and many endemic bird and reptile species. The sanctuary also encompasses the Tamirabharani River catchment, waterfalls, and other ecologically important areas, supporting rich biodiversity and wildlife corridors
Kalakad Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu, is one of the most important protected areas in the Southern Western Ghats. It was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1976 and later merged with Mundanthurai Sanctuary to form the KalakadMundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR) in 1988. The sanctuary covers an area of about 290 km² and is known for its dense tropical evergreen forests, moist deciduous forests, and rich biodiversity. It is home to tigers, leopards, elephants, lion-tailed macaques, Nilgiri langurs, many rare reptiles, and numerous endemic bird species. Widely called the “Servalayan Rainforest,” it receives high rainfall and is considered one of the best-preserved forest ecosystems in Tamil Nadu.
Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the Virudhunagar and Madurai districts of Tamil Nadu, was declared in 1988 to protect the endangered Grizzled Giant Squirrel (Ratufa macroura). The sanctuary covers an area of about 485 km² and forms part of the Southern Western Ghats, including dry deciduous, moist deciduous, and evergreen forests. It also supports elephants, leopards, and many endemic species, making it an important wildlife corridor. The sanctuary plays a vital role in conserving biodiversity and forest ecosystems in the region.
Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu along the southeastern coast, was declared in 1967. It covers an area of about 23.6 km² and includes wetlands, dry forests, and mangroves. The sanctuary is famous for migratory birds such as flamingos, pelicans, and storks, and also supports blackbuck, spotted deer, and waterfowl. It is an important coastal and wetland ecosystem and is part of the Ramsar site network. The area plays a vital role in conserving biodiversity and protecting migratory bird habitats.
Vallanadu Blackbuck Sanctuary is located in the Tuticorin (Thoothukudi) district of Tamil Nadu. It was declared in 1987 to protect the endangered Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra). The sanctuary covers an area of about 16.41 km² of dry grasslands and scrub forests, providing a suitable habitat for grazing animals. Apart from blackbucks, it is home to wild boars, jackals, hares, and various migratory birds. The sanctuary plays a vital role in conserving dryland ecosystems of Tamil Nadu. It also serves as a site for research, education, and eco-tourism, attracting visitors interested in wildlife. The protected area ensures the preservation of grassland biodiversity in the region.
  1. Kaniyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu, at the southern tip of India. The sanctuary was initially declared in 2002 and later re-declared with revised boundaries in 2007 to cover an area of about 402.4 km². It includes evergreen forests, semi-evergreen forests, and grasslands of the Southern Western Ghats.
  2. The sanctuary is home to elephants, tigers, leopards, Nilgiri langurs, lion-tailed macaques, and many endemic birds and reptiles. It serves as an important wildlife corridor connecting neighboring forests and contributes to the conservation of endangered species. Being part of the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the sanctuary plays a vital role in maintaining regional biodiversity and ecological balance.
  1. Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Erode and Dharmapuri districts of Tamil Nadu, at the foothills of the Western Ghats. It was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 2008 and later became part of the Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve in 2013. The sanctuary covers an area of about 1,411 km², making it the largest wildlife sanctuary in Tamil Nadu.
  2. The region includes dry deciduous forests, moist deciduous forests, and scrublands. It is home to tigers, elephants, leopards, gaurs, sloth bears, and many endemic bird and reptile species. Sathyamangalam is an important wildlife corridor connecting the Western Ghats with the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, and it plays a crucial role in tiger and elephant conservation in southern India.
Meghamalai Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Theni and Madurai districts of Tamil Nadu in the southern Western Ghats. It was declared in 2009 and covers an area of about 636 km². The sanctuary includes hilly terrain with scrub, dry deciduous, moist deciduous, wet evergreen forests, and sholas. It is home to elephants, tigers, leopards, gaurs, spotted deer, sambar, lion-tailed macaques, Nilgiri langurs, and other endemic species. Meghamalai forms part of an important wildlife corridor, linking nearby forests and tiger reserves. The region is ecologically significant as a watershed for rivers like the Vaigai and is rich in flora, including evergreen forests and plantation areas. It plays a vital role in the conservation of biodiversity and endangered species in the Western Ghats.

Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu along the southeastern coast. It was declared in 1967 and covers a total area of about 38.42 km², divided into Block-A and Block-B for management purposes.
Block-A comprises dry evergreen forests, mangroves, and woodland habitats, falling under the
Kodiakarai Range, and supports species like blackbuck, spotted deer, jackals, and resident birds.Block-B includes coastal wetlands, salt pans, mudflats, and marshes, forming a key part of the Point Calimere Ramsar site and serving as a major wintering ground for migratory birds such as flamingos, pelicans, storks, herons, and waders.The sanctuary is ecologically significant for conserving both terrestrial and coastal wetland ecosystems along the Coromandel Coast.

Kodaikanal Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the Palani Hills of Dindigul district (and parts of Theni), was declared in 2013 and covers about 608.95 km². The sanctuary includes shola–grasslands, wet evergreen forests, moist deciduous forests, and montane scrub. It is home to gaurs (flagship species), elephants, leopards, tigers, sloth bears, Nilgiri tahr, and many endemic bird and plant species. The high-altitude shola ecosystem makes it an ecologically important area for biodiversity conservation and watershed protection in the Western Ghats.
Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary is located in Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, near NH-7 and about 10 km from Tirunelveli town. It was declared in 2013 (notified from 1 October 2013 under the Wildlife Protection Act) to protect the local population of spotted deer The sanctuary covers an area of about 288.4 hectares ( 2.884 km²). The forest type is mainly dry deciduous and scrub/thorn forest, typical of arid/drier zones rather than rainforests. Besides spotted deer, the sanctuary also supports peafowls, mongoose, various reptiles, and diverse avifauna (birds) — making it important for the protection of dry-zone fauna.
Cauvery North Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri districts of Tamil Nadu, was declared in 2014 and covers an area of about 504.33 km². The sanctuary forms part of the Melagiri Hills, acting as an important wildlife corridor between the Eastern and Western Ghats. It consists mainly of dry deciduous forests, scrub forests, and riverine patches along the Cauvery River.The area supports elephants, leopards, sloth bears, wild boars, and recently recorded tigershighlighting its ecological value. The sanctuary plays a vital role in conserving biodiversity and maintaining habitat connectivity in northern Tamil Nadu.
Nellai Wildlife Sanctuary, located in Tirunelveli district, spans approximately 35.19 sq. km and was declared in 2015. The sanctuary protects the unique dry evergreen forests and rich biodiversity of the region. It is home to species such as spotted deer, wild boar, porcupine, monitor lizard, and a variety of birds. Managed under the Tirunelveli Forest Division, the sanctuary plays a key role in conserving the natural ecosystem of southern Tamil Nadu.
Kadavur Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area situated in the Dindigul and Karur districts of Tamil Nadu. Spanning an area of 118.06 km², it was notified in 2022 and is notable for being India’s first sanctuary dedicated to the conservation of the slender loris. The sanctuary provides a safe habitat for this nocturnal primate, helping to protect its population and preserve the region’s unique biodiversity.
Cauvery South Wildlife Sanctuary Located in Krishnagiri and Dharmapuri districts of Tamil Nadu, this sanctuary was established in November 2022 and spans 686.4 km². It serves as an important wildlife corridor connecting Cauvery North Wildlife Sanctuary (Tamil Nadu) to Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary (Karnataka), supporting species such as elephants, tigers, and various birds and mammals.